Diffusion-weighted MRI in paediatric neuroimaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a well-established technique in neuroimaging, but the diagnostic value of DWI outside the setting of acute infarct and abscess is sometimes under-recognised particularly in paediatric neuroimaging. DWI also plays an important role in the evaluation of intracranial infection, brain tumours, demyelinating diseases, and metabolic disorders. DWI can assist in the early detection and characterisation of intraocular and skull-base pathology. The cases presented in this article demonstrate the utility of DWI in paediatric neuroimaging. DWI can improve diagnostic sensitivity and in conjunction with other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences can aid in early diagnosis and management. Obtaining an early diagnosis may avoid potential complications and improve patient outcome.