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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key...
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Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete01:16

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...
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Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

631
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
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Pharmaceutical considerations with conjoined twins.

Emily Rodman1, Jennifer L Placencia2

  • 1Clinical Pharmacy Specialist - Neonatology and Obstetrics; Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine.

Seminars in Perinatology
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Administering medications to conjoined twins requires individualized pharmaceutical protocols due to shared circulation. This involves assessing drug absorption, distribution, and clearance for each twin to ensure medication safety.

Keywords:
Conjoined twinsCross-circulationDrug distributionPharmacologyShared circulation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Conjoined twins often share a vascular system, complicating standard medication practices.
  • Individualized dosing and administration protocols are essential for safe and effective pharmacotherapy in conjoined twins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the unique challenges in medication practices for conjoined twins.
  • To present general principles for developing optimal pharmaceutical strategies in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pharmacotherapy in conjoined twins.
  • Analysis of physiological factors influencing drug disposition (e.g., shared circulation, volume of distribution, enteral absorption, renal clearance).

Main Results:

  • Vascular sharing necessitates careful consideration of drug distribution and elimination pathways.
  • Determining the extent of shared circulation is critical for predicting drug concentrations in each twin.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal pharmaceutical strategies for conjoined twins require a thorough understanding of their unique physiology.
  • Individualized medication protocols are paramount to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy.