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Newborn screening in the developing countries.

Bradford L Therrell1,2, Carmencita D Padilla3,4

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Newborn screening (NBS) is gaining priority in developing nations. Expanding NBS programs, especially for congenital hypothyroidism and hemoglobinopathies, is crucial for improving child health globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Many developing countries lack national newborn screening (NBS) programs.
  • Declining infant mortality rates increase the public health priority of NBS.
  • Local data are vital for advocating NBS inclusion in health spending.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global progress in newborn screening (NBS) in developing countries.
  • To identify key challenges and opportunities for expanding NBS programs.
  • To inform policy decisions on child health initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of NBS publications from developing countries.
  • Analysis of trends in screening for various congenital conditions.
  • Evaluation of government initiatives and research projects.

Main Results:

  • Congenital hypothyroidism screening is cost-effective globally.
  • Hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency screening are important in specific regions.
  • Screening for hearing disorders and critical congenital heart defects is increasing.
  • China has a successful NBS program; India's government supports NBS initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Government activities and pilot programs for NBS are increasing in India and sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Genetic counseling training is expanding in Asia and Africa.
  • Successful NBS programs require strong partnerships among stakeholders.