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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Determining Order of Reaction02:53

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Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
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Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method
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Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method

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Kidney Nephron Determination.

Leif Oxburgh1

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA;

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney development involves forming numerous nephrons from limited progenitor cells. This review details fetal kidney development, focusing on how nephron numbers are established and progenitor cells balance renewal and differentiation.

Keywords:
cap mesenchymemesenchyme-to-epithelium transitionnephrogenesisnephron differentiationnephron progenitor cellorganogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The nephron, the kidney's functional unit, requires precise arrangement for physiological function.
  • Nephron number is established during fetal kidney development.
  • Understanding nephrogenesis is crucial for kidney health and disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the foundational literature and recent advancements in fetal kidney nephron determination.
  • To explore mechanisms governing nephron progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • To discuss key signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in nephrogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of developmental biology and nephrology research.
  • Analysis of studies on kidney organogenesis and cell fate determination.
  • Synthesis of findings on growth factor signaling and transcription factor networks.

Main Results:

  • Nephron formation involves intricate processes balancing progenitor cell renewal and differentiation.
  • Specific growth factor pathways and transcription factor networks orchestrate nephron development.
  • Stereotypical nephron arraying is a critical developmental event.

Conclusions:

  • Nephron determination is a complex process essential for kidney structure and function.
  • Further research into nephron progenitor cell dynamics can inform therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
  • Understanding fetal kidney development provides insights into maintaining adult kidney homeostasis.