Functional connectivity in distinct cognitive subtypes in psychosis
Kathryn E Lewandowski1, Julie M McCarthy1, Dost Öngür1
1McLean Hospital, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Schizophrenia Research
|August 22, 2018
Summary
Cognitive dysfunction in psychosis is linked to altered brain connectivity. This study found distinct patterns of functional connectivity differences in patients with psychosis, separating illness effects from cognitive impairment effects.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in psychotic disorders, posing challenges for neurobiological research due to significant heterogeneity.
- Understanding the neurobiology of cognitive deficits in psychosis requires differentiating between illness-related and cognitive impairment-specific changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patients with psychosis exhibiting intact versus impaired cognitive profiles.
- To investigate resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns in these patient groups and compare them to healthy controls.
- To determine if connectivity patterns are overlapping or distinct between psychosis, cognitive impairment, and healthy states.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 120 patients with affective or non-affective psychosis and 31 healthy controls.
- Administered the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, clinical, and functioning assessments.
- Utilized fMRI to measure RSFC, comparing patient subgroups (cognitively intact vs. impaired) and controls, controlling for covariates.
Main Results:
- Both cognitively intact and impaired patients with psychosis showed reduced intrinsic connectivity in frontoparietal and motor networks compared to controls.
- Patients with cognitive impairment exhibited further reductions in frontoparietal network connectivity, specifically in subnetwork A, compared to cognitively intact patients.
Conclusions:
- Leveraged cognitive heterogeneity in psychosis to distinguish contributions of cognitive dysfunction versus the psychotic illness itself on network connectivity.
- Findings suggest partially separable neural network dysconnectivity effects attributable to the presence of a psychotic disorder and neurocognitive impairment.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Functions of Connective Tissues
16.8K
Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
Hard connective tissues, such as bones and cartilage, provide structure and support to the body.
Hard connective tissues, such as bones and cartilage, provide structure and support to the body.
16.8K
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
542
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
542
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
915
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
915
01:23Dietary Connections
62.1K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
62.1K
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
2.0K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
2.0K