Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
Published on: October 26, 2016
Self-expandable metal stents for choledocholithiasis in Billroth II gastrectomy patients
Min-Gui Han1, Eunae Cho1, Chang-Hwan Park1
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju 61482, Korea.
Background:
Efficient ampullary intervention is essential for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a prior Billroth II gastrectomy. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and effectiveness of ampullary intervention using fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) for the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones in a subset of patients with a history of Billroth II gastrectomy.
Methods:
This retrospective analysis involved patients with a prior Billroth II gastrectomy who underwent ampullary intervention with FCSEMSs for the management of CBD stones. The factors associated with FCSEMSs placement, treatment success, and procedural complications were analyzed.
Results:
A group of 15 patients (10 males; median age, 78 years) underwent biliary metal stent placement for high degree of CBD angulation (6), small or flat papilla with unclear margin (5), current use of double antiplatelet agents or an anticoagulant (2), unwanted instrumentation of the cystic duct (1), and insecure position of the scope (1). Ampullary intervention with FCSEMSs was successful in all patients. After dilating the ampulla of Vater and building a durable conduit with FCSEMSs immediately, CBD stones were removed successfully from all patients in a single session. A mild post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in one patient, who recovered without complications.
Conclusion:
Ampullary intervention with FCSEMSs is safe and effective for the management of CBD stones in a subset of patients with a history of Billroth II gastrectomy.
Related Concept Videos
Bonding in Metals
Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
Alkali Metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Metal-Ligand Bonds
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Properties of Transition Metals
Theory of Metallic Conduction
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...

