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Active Sound Localization Sharpens Spatial Tuning in Human Primary Auditory Cortex.

Kiki van der Heijden1, Josef P Rauschecker2, Elia Formisano1,3

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active listening sharpens sound location encoding in the primary auditory cortex, challenging hierarchical models. Spatial tuning in the planum temporale (PT) remains consistent regardless of task demands.

Keywords:
cortical functional specializationfMRIhuman auditory cortexsound localization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human spatial hearing is dynamic and task-dependent.
  • Mechanisms of sound location encoding in the auditory cortex are not fully understood.
  • The hierarchical model suggests specialized areas like planum temporale (PT) handle sound localization (
  • what
  • ) processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how active behavior influences sound location encoding in primary auditory cortex and PT.
  • To compare spatial tuning during sound localization ("where") versus sound identification ("what") tasks.
  • To test the predictions of the hierarchical model of auditory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity.
  • Participants performed active sound localization and sound identification tasks.
  • Population pattern decoding was applied to fMRI data to estimate sound location accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Spatial tuning in primary auditory cortical areas (left core, right belt) sharpened during the sound localization task.
  • Spatial tuning in PT was sharp but did not change with task performance.
  • Decoding accuracy for sound location was highest when measured during the active localization task in the left core.

Conclusions:

  • Active behavior dynamically modulates spatial sound processing in the primary auditory cortex.
  • The planum temporale (PT) exhibits task-invariant spatial tuning.
  • The hierarchical model may need revision to incorporate task-dependent feedback interactions between primary and specialized auditory areas.