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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)
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3D-Printed Organic-Ceramic Complex Hybrid Structures with High Silica Content.

Efrat Shukrun1, Ido Cooperstein1, Shlomo Magdassi1

  • 1Casali Center for Applied Chemistry Institute of Chemistry The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel.

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Summary

New hybrid inks enable 3D printing of high-performance silica-rich objects. These advanced materials combine organic and inorganic properties for superior strength, thermal stability, and transparency in additive manufacturing.

Keywords:
3D printingUV curable materialsdigital light processinghybrid organic–ceramic inkssol‐gel

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Ceramic Engineering

Background:

  • Current additive manufacturing struggles to produce objects with both organic and ceramic properties.
  • There is a need for materials that bridge the gap between purely organic polymers and purely ceramic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel hybrid organic-inorganic sol gel inks for additive manufacturing.
  • To enable the fabrication of complex 3D objects with enhanced properties by combining organic and inorganic material advantages.

Main Methods:

  • Development of hybrid sol gel inks capable of both condensation and radical polymerization.
  • Utilizing digital light processing (DLP) commercial printers for additive manufacturing.
  • Characterization of the printed 3D objects' mechanical, thermal, and optical properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated lightweight 3D objects with very high silica content.
  • Achieved excellent mechanical strength (139 MPa), surpassing high-performance polymers.
  • Demonstrated superior thermal stability (heat deflection temperature >270 °C) and high transparency (89%).
  • Printed objects exhibited glass-like glossiness and lacked cracks.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hybrid inks successfully bridge the gap between organic and ceramic additive manufacturing.
  • This innovation allows for the creation of 3D objects harnessing the benefits of both material classes.
  • The resulting materials offer a unique combination of mechanical, thermal, and optical performance for advanced applications.