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Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components
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Continuous Material Deposition on Filaments in Fused Deposition Modeling.

Guy Naim1, Shlomo Magdassi1, Daniel Mandler1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.

Polymers
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method called Continuous Material Deposition on Filaments (CMDF) allows active materials to be embedded directly into 3D-printed objects. This technique enables the creation of functional 3D prints with antibacterial and drug-releasing properties.

Keywords:
3D printingPLAZnOciprofloxacincoatingcontinuous material deposition on filaments (CMDF)filament treatmentfused deposition modelingpreprintingrhodamine B

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • 3D printing, specifically fused deposition modeling (FDM), is a versatile fabrication technique.
  • Incorporating active materials into 3D-printed structures often requires complex post-processing steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, simplified method for integrating active materials into FDM-printed objects.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of this new approach across different material types.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous Material Deposition on Filaments (CMDF) involves passing a polymer filament through a solution containing the active material before printing.
  • The process was demonstrated using Rhodamine B, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and Ciprofloxacin (Cip).

Main Results:

  • Functional 3D-printed objects were successfully fabricated using the CMDF method with various active materials.
  • Objects containing ZnO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity.
  • Objects with Ciprofloxacin demonstrated controlled antibiotic release.
  • The CMDF process did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of the FDM-printed structures.

Conclusions:

  • CMDF is a generic and effective approach for creating functional 3D-printed materials.
  • This method eliminates the need for post-treatment processes, simplifying the fabrication of active 3D-printed objects.
  • The CMDF technique holds potential for diverse applications in fields requiring functionalized 3D-printed materials.