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Olfactory dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Cristina Viguera1, Jiangxia Wang2, Elizabeth Mosmiller1

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients exhibit olfactory dysfunction, scoring significantly lower on smell identification tests. This suggests smell impairment is a notable extramotor finding in ALS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.
  • Extramotor manifestations of ALS are increasingly recognized.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is a potential, understudied extramotor symptom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and significance of olfactory dysfunction in individuals with ALS.
  • To compare olfactory function between ALS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) for olfactory assessment.
  • Employed multiple linear regression analysis to compare UPSIT scores between ALS participants and controls, adjusting for confounders.
  • Assessed the rate of olfactory dysfunction (microsmia or anosmia) in both groups.

Main Results:

  • ALS participants demonstrated significantly lower UPSIT scores compared to controls (mean difference: 2.31 points, P = 0.015).
  • The rate of olfactory dysfunction was double in the ALS group compared to the control group.
  • Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these findings after adjusting for relevant variables.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent extramotor finding in individuals diagnosed with ALS.
  • These results contribute to a broader understanding of the non-motor symptoms associated with ALS.
  • Further research is warranted to explore links between olfactory deficits and specific ALS phenotypes.