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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

Internal Receptors

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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
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Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: September 22, 2015

Ultrafast all-optical plasmonic graphene modulator.

Feng Zhou, Wei Du

|August 22, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an ultrafast all-optical modulator using graphene plasmonics. The device achieves rapid modulation speeds, enabling potential advancements in high-speed integrated photonics circuits.

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Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

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Published on: September 22, 2015

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

Area of Science:

Photonics
Materials Science
Optoelectronics

Background:

Graphene exhibits unique ultrafast electron dynamics.
All-optical modulation is crucial for high-speed optical communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically present an ultrafast all-optical plasmonic modulator based on graphene.
To explore the potential of graphene's photo-excited electron dynamics for optical modulation.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene.
Utilizing femtosecond thermodynamics to tune the graphene Fermi level.
Investigating surface plasmonic wave interactions with modulated graphene.

Main Results:

Demonstrated an ultrafast all-optical modulator operating via graphene plasmonics.
Achieved modulation speeds under 1 picosecond (ps).
Device operates across near-infrared to far-infrared spectrum with >10 dB extinction ratio.

Conclusions:

Ultrafast graphene plasmonics enable novel all-optical modulation.
The proposed modulator shows promise for ultrahigh-speed integrated photonics.
This technology could advance optical computing and communication systems.