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Hypoglycemic triterpenes from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Jun Wang1, Thi Kim Quy Ha2, Yan-Ping Shi3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.

Phytochemistry
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified novel bioactive compounds from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Two compounds enhanced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation, showing potential as antidiabetic agents by activating AMPK and ACC signaling pathways.

Keywords:
CucurbitaceaeGynostemma pentaphyllumInsulin mimetic activityTriterpenes

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a traditional medicinal herb known for its bioactive compounds.
  • Saponins, including gypenosides, are key constituents with potential health benefits.
  • Investigating these compounds is crucial for discovering new therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize bioactive gypenosides and their analogues from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
  • To evaluate the potential of isolated compounds as antidiabetic agents.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of action for compounds exhibiting glucose-lowering effects.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical investigation using diverse chromatographic techniques (HPLC, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, C18 reverse phase).
  • Structure elucidation via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS), Infrared Spectrum (IR), optical rotation, and chemical transformations.
  • Assessment of glucose uptake and Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and analysis of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Isolation and purification of twelve triterpenes, including five new compounds.
  • Identification of nine compounds with a rare, modified dammarane triterpenoid framework.
  • Determination of relative and absolute configurations for several compounds using 2D NMR and modified Mosher's method.
  • Two compounds significantly enhanced 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake and GLUT4 translocation.
  • Demonstration that these effects are mediated by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • This study successfully isolated and characterized novel and known triterpenes from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
  • Two isolated compounds exhibit significant potential as antidiabetic agents by enhancing glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation.
  • The findings provide a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting diabetes through AMPK/ACC pathway activation.