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Fifteen-minute consultation: Polydipsia, polyuria or both

Mark Mahon1, Gold Amaechi1, Fionn Slattery1

  • 1Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition
|August 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children experiencing excessive thirst (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria) require thorough investigation to determine the underlying cause. This review outlines key presentation, history, and examination elements for diagnosing pediatric polydipsia and polyuria.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Clinical diagnostics

Background:

  • Polydipsia and polyuria are common presenting symptoms in children.
  • Numerous underlying conditions can cause these symptoms, necessitating a systematic diagnostic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the differential diagnosis of polydipsia and polyuria in children.
  • To guide clinicians on effective investigation strategies for pediatric polydipsia and polyuria.
  • To emphasize critical historical and examination components for accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common causes of polydipsia and polyuria in pediatric populations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic workup, including relevant laboratory tests and imaging.
  • Highlighting key elements of patient history and physical examination.

Main Results:

  • Common causes include diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and psychogenic polydipsia.
  • A structured approach to history and examination is crucial for differentiating causes.
  • Appropriate investigations aid in confirming the diagnosis and guiding management.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis of pediatric polydipsia and polyuria is essential for effective management.
  • A comprehensive evaluation integrating clinical presentation and diagnostic testing is recommended.
  • Understanding the differential diagnosis aids in timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
diabetes insipidusdiabetes mellituspolydipsiapolyuria

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