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Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Indicators

Indicators

Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...

An Overview of the Endocrine System

An Overview of the Endocrine System

The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...

Structures of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...

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Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection

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Robot-Assisted Endocrine Surgery: Indications and Drawbacks.

Brian C Ruhle¹, Ava Ferguson Bryan¹, Raymon H Grogan²

¹1 Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A

|August 23, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Robotic endocrine surgery for thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal conditions is safe and feasible, offering cosmetic benefits. However, higher costs remain a drawback, though future innovations may expand its use.

Keywords:

robotic adrenalectomy robotic parathyroidectomy robotic thyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

Endocrine Surgery
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Robotic Surgery

Background:

Robotic surgery, particularly the da Vinci system, is increasingly adopted in endocrine surgery.
There's growing surgeon interest in robotic approaches for thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal diseases.
Robotic techniques are considered for select patients, but indications are still evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current robotic procedures for thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy.
To scrutinize the existing literature on robotic endocrine surgery applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
Focused on robotic or robot-assisted thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy.

Main Results:

Safety and feasibility of robotic thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy are established.
Robotic surgery provides superior cosmetic outcomes for thyroid and parathyroid procedures but introduces new risks.
Robotic adrenalectomy shows similar outcomes to laparoscopic approaches, potentially enhancing minimally invasive subtotal adrenalectomy.

Conclusions:

Robotic procedures enhance surgeon ergonomics and patient cosmesis but are associated with higher costs.
Advancements in robotic surgical devices may reduce costs and accelerate innovation, potentially broadening indications for robotic endocrine surgery.