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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
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Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

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Development of Methods for Selective Gene Expression Profiling in Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Using Laser Capture

Claudia Gutierrez-Chavez1,2,3,4, Samantha Knockaert1,2,3,5, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean1,2,3

  • 1Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Paris, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) form in tissues during inflammation, driving local immune responses. This study details a laser capture microdissection (LCM) method for isolating these structures in situ for molecular analysis.

Keywords:
Frozen tissueGene expression profilingLaser capture microdissectionLung cancerLymphocyteRNA analysisTertiary lymphoid structure

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Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are inducible lymphoid formations in tissues during inflammation.
  • TLS resemble secondary lymphoid organs and are key drivers of local adaptive immunity.
  • TLS are implicated in various conditions including cancer, infections, autoimmunity, and graft rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a detailed laser capture microdissection (LCM) method for isolating tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in situ.
  • To enable comprehensive molecular analyses of TLS and their microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Laser capture microdissection (LCM) applied to frozen or paraffin-embedded tissues.
  • In situ isolation of TLS from various anatomical sites.
  • Downstream molecular characterization of isolated TLS.

Main Results:

  • The described LCM method allows for precise isolation of TLS.
  • This technique facilitates the study of TLS molecular composition.
  • Enables investigation of TLS interactions within the local tissue microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a valuable tool for studying tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS).
  • This method aids in understanding the role of TLS in inflammatory conditions.
  • Facilitates deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of local adaptive immunity.