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Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.2K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.2K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.2K
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

14.4K
ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
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Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

9.9K
Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

27.0K
Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
27.0K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

24.9K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.9K

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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High entropy oxides for reversible energy storage.

Abhishek Sarkar1, Leonardo Velasco1, Di Wang1,2

  • 1Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Nature Communications
|August 26, 2018
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Summary

High entropy oxides exhibit enhanced lithium storage capacity and cycling stability due to entropy stabilization. Their electrochemical performance can be tuned by adjusting the elemental composition of these advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • High entropy oxides (HEOs) are a class of materials with multiple metal cations in a single crystal phase.
  • Entropy stabilization in HEOs leads to unique properties and enhanced performance.
  • Research is exploring HEOs for energy storage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reversible lithium storage properties of high entropy oxides.
  • To understand the mechanisms governing lithium storage in HEOs.
  • To evaluate the influence of entropy stabilization on electrochemical behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of high entropy oxide materials.
  • Electrochemical testing for lithium storage (e.g., cycling, capacity retention).
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • Entropy stabilization significantly improves storage capacity retention in HEOs.
  • Cycling stability of HEOs is greatly enhanced by entropy stabilization.
  • Electrochemical behavior is tunable by altering the elemental composition of HEOs.

Conclusions:

  • High entropy oxides offer promising performance for lithium storage applications.
  • Entropy stabilization is a key factor for enhancing capacity retention and cycling stability.
  • Tailoring elemental composition provides a pathway for optimizing HEOs for electrochemical devices.