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Interfacial Anode Kinetics and Its Influence on Cycling Performance of Sulfide Solid-State Batteries.
Ruizhuo Zhang1, Aleksandr Kondrakov1,2, Jürgen Janek1,3
1Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ACS Nano
|December 18, 2025
Summary
Advanced three-electrode testing reveals distinct anode behaviors in solid-state batteries (SSBs), crucial for accurate degradation analysis and improved cyclability. This method overcomes limitations of traditional two-electrode setups for reliable SSB performance evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are typically evaluated using two-electrode or symmetric cells.
- These configurations can inaccurately represent degradation and failure modes.
- The anode's contribution to capacity fading in SSBs is often underestimated due to limited characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the overpotential growth and interfacial kinetics of common anodes in SSBs.
- To elucidate the impact of anode behavior on overall cell cyclability and capacity fading.
- To compare the performance of Li4Ti5O12 and In/InLi anodes under realistic operating conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized an advanced three-electrode cell setup for SSBs.
- Monitored individual electrode potentials continuously for over 1500 hours.
- Performed in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis.
Main Results:
- Identified distinct differences in polarization and interfacial kinetics between Li4Ti5O12 and In/InLi anodes.
- Demonstrated how these anode-specific characteristics influence cell cyclability.
- Showcased the impact of anode behavior on the interpretation of capacity fading in SSBs.
Conclusions:
- The three-electrode setup provides a more accurate assessment of individual electrode contributions to SSB performance.
- Anode selection significantly impacts long-term cyclability and degradation mechanisms in thiophosphate-based SSBs.
- Understanding anode kinetics is essential for reliable SSB development and performance prediction.
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