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The double solid solution (Zr, Nb)2(Al, Sn)C MAX phase: a steric stability approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • MAX phases are a family of ternary carbides and nitrides with desirable properties.
  • Zr2AlC is a specific MAX phase with potential applications.
  • Synthesizing Zr-rich MAX phases free of ZrC presents challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Niobium (Nb) and Tin (Sn) additions on Zr2AlC synthesis.
  • To achieve a Zr-rich bulk MAX phase without ZrC impurities.
  • To explore solubility and phase formation in quaternary systems.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated quaternary Zr-Nb-Al-C and Zr-Al-Sn-C systems.
  • Utilized a combinatorial approach for synthesis.
  • Analyzed phase formation, microstructure, and crystallographic parameters.

Main Results:

  • Observed complete solubility of Nb and Sn in (Zr, Nb)2AlC and Zr2(Al, Sn)C.
  • Found Sn to be more effective than Nb due to selective incorporation into the 211 structure.
  • Synthesized phase-pure (Zr0.8, Nb0.2)2(Al0.5, Sn0.5)C.
  • Demonstrated that Nb and Sn reduce the trigonal prism distortion parameter.

Conclusions:

  • Sn is a preferred additive over Nb for synthesizing pure Zr-rich MAX phases.
  • A new stability criterion for M2AC structures is proposed, based on atomic radii and steric relationships within the trigonal prism.
  • Comparable atomic radii between M- and A-atoms are suggested as a key factor for stable 211 MAX phase formation.