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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Pulse rhythm01:30

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
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Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
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Circadian rhythms and the kidney.

Dmitri Firsov1, Olivier Bonny2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Dmitri.firsov@unil.ch.

Nature Reviews. Nephrology
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The body's internal biological clock, the circadian clock, regulates kidney functions like filtration and water balance. Disrupting this clock can lead to kidney disease and affect blood pressure control.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Chronobiology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms significantly influence numerous physiological functions, including critical kidney processes.
  • The kidneys exhibit daily oscillations in renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and tubular transport.
  • These rhythms are orchestrated by the intrinsic cellular circadian clock mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the circadian clock in regulating renal function.
  • To explore the consequences of circadian clock disruption on kidney health and associated pathologies.
  • To understand the implications of renal circadian rhythms in disease development and drug efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian rhythms and kidney physiology.
  • Analysis of animal models with disrupted or suppressed circadian clocks in renal tissues.
  • Examination of the molecular mechanisms controlled by the circadian clock within kidney cells.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clock disruption in animal models leads to loss of blood pressure control and altered water/electrolyte excretion.
  • Both intrinsic renal and extrarenal circadian clocks contribute to kidney pathologies when disrupted.
  • Alterations in renal circadian rhythms are linked to hypertension, chronic kidney disease, fibrosis, and kidney stones.

Conclusions:

  • The circadian clock is a critical regulator of kidney function and homeostasis.
  • Disruption of renal circadian clocks has significant pathological consequences, contributing to various kidney diseases.
  • Understanding renal circadian biology is essential for effective treatment strategies and drug development in nephrology.