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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Noncoding RNAs in acute kidney injury.

Gui-Ling Ren1, Jie Zhu1, Jun Li2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in acute kidney injury (AKI). Research highlights their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AKI, offering new avenues for treatment.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurybiomarkercircRNAexosomeinflammationlncRNAmicroRNAprogrammed cell death

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition with poorly understood molecular mechanisms and limited effective therapies.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various physiological and pathological processes, including AKI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ncRNA alterations and their functional roles in AKI.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential and biomarker utility of ncRNAs in AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating ncRNAs in AKI.
  • Analysis of gain-and-loss-of-function studies for specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in AKI models.
  • Examination of research on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in AKI.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are significantly altered in AKI and regulate key processes like inflammation and cell death.
  • Specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-24, miR-126) show therapeutic potential by targeting genes involved in AKI.
  • Long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs are under investigation for their roles in AKI.
  • Exosome-packaged ncRNAs in circulation and urine may serve as AKI biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, are integral to AKI pathogenesis and progression.
  • ncRNAs hold significant promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AKI.
  • Further research into lncRNAs and circRNAs is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of ncRNA involvement in AKI.