Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions01:29

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions

92
Rational functions are expressions written as the ratio of two polynomials, and their integrals are evaluated by simplifying the integrand into manageable parts. These functions are classified as proper or improper based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator.A rational function is proper when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case, partial fraction decomposition is used to rewrite the function as a sum of simpler rational terms. The...
92
Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

64
Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
64
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

4.6K
When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
4.6K
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

520
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
520
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.9K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.9K
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

56.1K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
56.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Stable individual differences dominate adult brain volume variation until later life.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Aging in the city: Linking neighborhood features with whole-brain structural and micro-structural changes during aging.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

Comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of sixteen markers of biological aging from the Berlin Aging Study II.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Comparing fourteen consensus biomarkers of aging: epigenetic pace of aging as the strongest predictor of mortality in BASE-II.

Biomarker research·2026
Same author

Neuroimaging of acute myocardial injury in stroke: insights into brain lesion locations and network disconnections.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Segmentation of the parasagittal dura mater on multi-center 3D-FLAIR MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Neural responses to equity and inequity when receiving vicarious rewards for self and charity during adolescence.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K

Local temporal variability reflects functional integration in the human brain.

Douglas D Garrett1, Samira M Epp1, Alistair Perry1

  • 1Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Neuroimage
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local brain signal variability reflects functional integration. Higher variability in brain regions, particularly the thalamus, indicates a more interconnected network, revealing the thalamus

Keywords:
Brain signal variabilityNetwork dimensionalityNeural dynamicsfMRI

More Related Videos

Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET
09:03

Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET

Published on: October 22, 2019

10.9K
Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
10:04

Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: October 29, 2012

19.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K
Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET
09:03

Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET

Published on: October 22, 2019

10.9K
Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
10:04

Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: October 29, 2012

19.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Local moment-to-moment neural variability is pervasive but its origins are unclear.
  • Animal studies suggest neural variability may stem from synaptic input, not intrinsic noise.
  • Understanding neural variability is key to deciphering brain function and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between local brain signal variability and functional integration in humans.
  • To determine if increased BOLD signal variability correlates with enhanced network integration.
  • To explore the specific role of the thalamus in neural variability and integration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-temporal-resolution functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from 100 adults.
  • Employed spatiotemporal Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to estimate functional integration.
  • Applied multivariate partial least squares analysis to link BOLD signal variability with network dimensionality.

Main Results:

  • Found a significant negative association between local BOLD signal variability and network dimensionality (functional integration).
  • Individuals with higher local temporal variability exhibited a more integrated network fingerprint.
  • Temporal variability in the thalamus showed the strongest negative correlation with PCA dimensionality, highlighting its role.

Conclusions:

  • Local neural variability is a primary indicator of functional integration within the brain.
  • The thalamus plays a fundamental role in brain fluctuations and moment-to-moment communication.
  • Thalamo-cortical variability upregulation is a unique marker of enhanced functional integration in humans.