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Related Concept Videos

Quality Assurance01:19

Quality Assurance

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Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Quantification accuracy for dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) CT imaging: phantom and quality assurance framework.

C Coolens1, H Mohseni2, S Dhodi3

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

European Journal of Radiology
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PubMed
Summary

A new phantom enables routine quality assurance for contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) imaging. This tool helps standardize Dynamic Contrast Enhanced CT (DCE-CT) quantification and assesses scanner performance, including motion effects.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCTDCE CTPerfusionQuality assuranceQuantitative imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Radiological Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Standardization is crucial for quantitative Dynamic Contrast Enhanced CT (DCE-CT) imaging biomarkers.
  • Existing quality assurance (QA) phantoms lack comprehensive testing for contrast-enhanced (CE) CT parameters and spatiotemporal accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a solid calibration phantom for routine CE CT quality assurance.
  • Investigate the sensitivity of CECT to organ motion.
  • Characterize a volumetric CT scanner for CECT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and constructed a CECT calibration phantom with an acrylic cylinder and capsules containing solid density materials simulating iodine contrast.
  • Evaluated phantom sensitivity and accuracy on a 320-slice CT scanner across various scan parameters.
  • Assessed phantom performance with and without transaxial motion.

Main Results:

  • The CECT phantom successfully determined routine commissioning tests: uniformity, spatial resolution, and image noise.
  • Partial volume effects and motion blurring reduced contrast enhancement, with orientation-dependent effects (least for transaxial).
  • Scanner rotation times under 0.5s minimized blurring effects to <3% across orientations and speeds.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, robust contrast calibration phantom was developed for CE CT.
  • The phantom effectively evaluated the performance of a 320-slice volumetric CT scanner for DCE-CT.