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Tension01:10

Tension

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Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Tension Gauge Tether Probes for Quantifying Growth Factor Mediated Integrin Mechanics and Adhesion
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A fluorescent membrane tension probe.

Adai Colom1,2,3, Emmanuel Derivery1,2,3,4, Saeideh Soleimanpour2,3

  • 1Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nature Chemistry
|August 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed FliptR, a fluorescent lipid tension reporter, to measure cell membrane tension in vivo. This probe allows easy quantification of membrane tension using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, aiding cell process studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell and organelle membranes require high deformability for essential processes like motility and division.
  • Membrane tension is a critical regulator of membrane remodeling, but difficult to measure in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for quantifying membrane tension in living cells.
  • To introduce a fluorescent probe for real-time monitoring of membrane tension.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a planarizable push-pull fluorescent probe, FliptR (fluorescent lipid tension reporter).
  • Utilizing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to measure changes in probe fluorescence lifetime.
  • Employing model membranes to elucidate the mechanism of tension-dependent fluorescence changes.

Main Results:

  • FliptR's fluorescence lifetime shows a linear dependence on membrane tension within cells.
  • This linear relationship enables straightforward quantification of membrane tension.
  • The probe's response is linked to membrane-tension-dependent lipid phase separation.

Conclusions:

  • FliptR provides an accessible tool for measuring membrane tension in vivo.
  • The method allows for accurate quantification of membrane tension using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
  • Understanding membrane tension dynamics is crucial for various cellular processes.