Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

13.5K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
13.5K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

4.0K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
4.0K
Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

53.1K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
53.1K
Spanning Openings in Brick Walls01:20

Spanning Openings in Brick Walls

578
In brick wall construction, supporting structures are crucial for openings like windows and doors to maintain the integrity and support the weight of the wall above. These supports include lintels, corbels, and arches, each serving specific structural purposes.
Lintels are primary supports used to span openings and can be crafted from materials such as reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced brick masonry, or simple steel angles. These are straightforward to install and are typically concealed...
578
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

4.4K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
4.4K
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

24.5K
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
24.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Why wild herbivores raid crops: Alternative hypotheses and their differential implications for the mitigation of human- wildlife conflict.

Journal of biosciences·2025
Same author

Proxy failure in academia: More than just another example.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2024
Same author

Epidemiology: Gray immunity model gives qualitatively different predictions.

Journal of biosciences·2024
Same author

Tradition-invention dichotomy and optimization in the field of science.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2022
Same author

The ratio versus difference optimization and its implications for optimality theory.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2022
Same author

Phylogenetic diversity and activity screening of cultivable Actinobacteria isolated from marine sponges and associated environments from the western coast of India.

Access microbiology·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

18.1K

Blind fish: An eye opener.

Akanksha Ojha1, Milind Watve1

  • 1Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, India.

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
|August 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comparative physiology reveals diverse causes of obesity and type 2 diabetes across species. Unlike humans, Mexican cavefish exhibit insulin resistance causing obesity, yet remain healthy, challenging evolutionary diabetes theories.

Keywords:
Mexican cavefishcomparative physiologyinsulin resistancetype 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria
07:25

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria

Published on: July 20, 2017

12.0K
Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle
11:56

Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle

Published on: November 9, 2009

22.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

18.1K
Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria
07:25

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria

Published on: July 20, 2017

12.0K
Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle
11:56

Historical View and Physiology Demonstration at the NMJ of the Crayfish Opener Muscle

Published on: November 9, 2009

22.0K

Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Metabolic disorders

Background:

  • Vertebrate species exhibit conditions analogous to human obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
  • The interrelationships and causal factors of these metabolic states vary significantly across different species.
  • Obesity-induced insulin resistance is traditionally considered central to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary theories of diabetes by examining comparative physiology.
  • To investigate the divergent relationships between diet, obesity, insulin sensitivity, and diabetes across species.
  • To challenge the conventional understanding of type 2 diabetes by presenting alternative models.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of metabolic phenotypes in various vertebrate species.
  • Phenotypic characterization of Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) exhibiting hyperglycemia.
  • Review of existing literature on insulin resistance in species including hibernating bears, dolphins, horses, bonnet macaques, and chimpanzees.

Main Results:

  • Mexican cavefish display a hyperglycemic phenotype resembling human type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance precedes and causes obesity.
  • These hyperglycemic fish maintain a healthy lifespan without typical diabetic complications.
  • Insulin resistance presents differently in species like hibernating bears, dolphins, horses, bonnet macaques, and chimpanzees, indicating a species-specific relationship with diet, obesity, and diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • The causal link between obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is not universal across species.
  • Comparative physiology offers crucial insights into the evolutionary pathways of diabetes.
  • Evolutionary hypotheses for type 2 diabetes must account for the observed interspecies variations in metabolic regulation.