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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
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The Effect of a Head-mounted Low Vision Device on Visual Function.

Walter Wittich1,2, Marie-Céline Lorenzini1, Samuel N Markowitz3

  • 1School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|August 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The head-worn eSight vision enhancement device offers immediate improvements in distance acuity and contrast sensitivity for individuals with low vision. Further use shows potential for enhanced face recognition and daily living activities.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Head-mounted low vision devices are advancing rapidly, improving usability and function.
  • Systematic clinical evaluations of these devices are scarce but crucial for guiding future development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the short- and medium-term effects of the eSight Eyewear, a head-worn vision enhancement device.
  • To investigate the impact of eSight on various visual functions in a multicenter prospective trial.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 51 participants aged 13-75 with stable low vision (20/60 to 20/400 acuity).
  • Collected data at baseline, device fitting, and after 3 months of daily use.
  • Measured visual ability using validated questionnaires (VA LV VFQ-48), acuity, reading performance, contrast sensitivity, face recognition, and ADLs.

Main Results:

  • eSight immediately improved distance acuity, contrast sensitivity, and critical print size (P < .001).
  • Reading acuity improved at fitting and after 3 months; reading speed showed slight increases.
  • Face recognition and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores improved at fitting with trends for further gains.

Conclusions:

  • eSight provides immediate visual ability enhancements, with potential for greater benefits in face recognition and ADLs with continued use.
  • Significant improvements were observed in overall visual ability, reading, and visual information processing.
  • Future research should explore the impact of practice, training, and underlying visual conditions on device efficacy.