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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Intrinsic connectivity networks underlying individual differences in control-averse behavior.

Sarah Rudorf^1,2, Thomas Baumgartner^1,2, Sebastian Markett³

¹Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Human Brain Mapping

|August 30, 2018

Summary

Individual differences in control-averse behavior are linked to brain connectivity. Greater intrinsic connectivity in the salience network, particularly the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, predicts increased control-averse tendencies.

Keywords:

anterior cingulate cortex control aversion intrinsic connectivity networks neural trait resting state fMRI salience network

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Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

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Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

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Published on: October 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Social Psychology
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Individual differences in control-averse behavior have significant real-world consequences, including illegal activities and medical noncompliance.
While behavioral studies document these differences, the underlying neurological basis remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the link between stable brain-based characteristics and individual tendencies toward control-averse behavior.
To explore the neurological underpinnings of why some individuals resist perceived control more than others.

Main Methods:

Utilized a neural trait approach correlating resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with behavioral responses in an economic game.
Measured intrinsic connectivity within key brain networks: salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN).
Assessed control-averse behavior in a game where participants made choices that were either free or controlled by another person.

Main Results:

Intrinsic connectivity within the salience network positively predicted individual levels of control-averse behavior.
No significant association was found between control-averse behavior and connectivity in the central executive network or default mode network.
A stronger connectivity hub in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) within the salience network was specifically linked to higher control-averse behavior.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first evidence that variations in control-averse behavior may stem from stable differences in functional brain organization.
Intrinsic functional connectivity, particularly within the salience network and its dACC hub, represents a potential neural basis for individual differences in resisting control.