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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

470
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
470
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

455
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
455
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

407
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
407
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

521
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
521
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

479
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
479
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

924
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
924

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
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[Surgical strategy and relevant problems about degenerative spinal deformity].

H Y Liu1

  • 1Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Surgery]
|August 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Degenerative spinal deformity surgery aims to decompress nerves and restore spinal balance. Proper surgical techniques and instrumented vertebra selection are crucial for successful outcomes in elderly patients.

Keywords:
Degenerative diseasesLumbar vertebraeOrthopedic proceduresStrategies of treatmentThoracic vertebrae

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Spine Surgery

Background:

  • Degenerative spinal deformity is a complex condition common in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
  • It frequently coexists with lumbar spinal stenosis, leading to significant symptoms and surgical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the surgical goals for degenerative spinal deformity: neural decompression, halting deformity progression, and restoring spinal balance.
  • To emphasize the growing importance of sagittal balance in managing these complex spinal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on the application of orthopedic techniques in surgical correction.
  • Highlight the critical role of selecting appropriate upper and lower instrumented vertebrae.

Main Results:

  • Proper technique and instrumentation are key to successful deformity correction.
  • These factors significantly influence the improvement of postoperative symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Effective surgical management of degenerative spinal deformity relies on precise orthopedic techniques.
  • Careful selection of instrumented vertebrae is essential for achieving optimal spinal balance and patient recovery.