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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis
Published on: September 7, 2022
Applications and Prospects for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion
Martin P Rauch1, Robert R Knowles2
1Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
Abstract:
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a photophysical process in which the energy of two photons are combined into a single photon of higher energy. While this strategy has been recognized in applications ranging from bioimaging to solar energy conversion, its uses in synthetic organic chemistry have not been extensively developed. Here, we present a short tutorial on the theoretical underpinnings and the design principles of TTA-UC systems. Selected applications are then discussed to highlight key features of the TTA mechanism, along with a prospective discussion of the potential of these mechanisms to enable innovation in photocatalysis, methods development, and synthetic organic chemistry.
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