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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Cognitive function after spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

Rahul Sachdeva1, Feng Gao1, Chetwyn C H Chan1

  • 1From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (R.S., A.V.K.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (R.S., A.V.K.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction (F.G.), China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (F.G.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (C.C.H.C.), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Neurology
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairment is common after spinal cord injury (SCI). Factors like brain injury, comorbidities, and age significantly impact cognitive function in SCI patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to cognitive deficits.
  • Understanding the incidence and contributing factors of cognitive impairment in SCI is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the incidence of cognitive impairment in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • To identify potential contributing and confounding factors affecting cognitive function post-SCI.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive electronic search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO databases was conducted.
  • 70 studies were included after screening 2,481 articles, analyzing cognitive function in SCI patients.
  • Factors such as traumatic brain injury, comorbidities, cardiovascular control, sleep apnea, injury level, and age were examined.

Main Results:

  • A substantial body of evidence indicates significant cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI.
  • Concomitant brain injury, psychological/somatic comorbidities, cardiovascular issues, and sleep apnea were identified as potential co-contributors.
  • Cognitive function showed a negative correlation with age; however, no clear consensus emerged regarding the incidence of impairment or its association with the level of injury.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with SCI require thorough cognitive assessment and intervention.
  • Future research should prioritize stringent controls for co-occurring brain trauma, a major confounder in SCI-related cognitive impairment.