Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026
05:44
Author Spotlight: Utilizing Venoplasty Balloon Model in Rodents to Simulate Surgical Interventions for Deep Veins
Published on: May 24, 2024
1.1K
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava in a Hemodialysis Patient
G Anvesh1, Sree Bhushan Raju1, S Rammurti2
1Department of Nephrology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Indian Journal of Nephrology
|August 31, 2018
Summary
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly. Awareness of this vascular variant aids clinicians in preventing complications during central venous catheterization, as illustrated in a chronic kidney disease patient.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Anatomy
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly where the left superior vena cava fails to regress during embryonic development.
- This anatomical variant can lead to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly during central venous catheterization procedures.
- Clinical awareness is crucial for avoiding potential complications associated with PLSVC.
Observation:
- A case of PLSVC was identified in a patient undergoing chronic kidney disease management.
- Difficulties were encountered during central venous catheterization attempts via the left internal jugular vein (IJV).
- Initial imaging with radiographs and echocardiography failed to confirm catheter position.
Findings:
- Computed tomography angiography (CTA) raised suspicion for PLSVC.
- Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) definitively confirmed the presence of PLSVC.
- The case highlights the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging in identifying rare vascular anomalies.
Implications:
- Recognition of PLSVC is vital for interventional cardiologists and radiologists.
- Proper identification can prevent complications such as malpositioning of devices and vascular injury.
- This case underscores the importance of considering congenital vascular variants in complex patient cases.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Hemodialysis I: Introduction
1.8K
Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
1.8K
01:24Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
865
DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
865
01:25Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management
912
The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
912
01:30Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
525
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
525
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
5.2K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
5.2K
01:27Anatomy of the Heart
119.9K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
119.9K