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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Restorative Care01:19

Restorative Care

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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Enhancing Lysosomal Activation Restores Neural Stem Cell Function During Aging.

Amanda J Audesse1, Ashley E Webb2,3,4

  • 1Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Journal of Experimental Neuroscience
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced adult neurogenesis in aging is linked to quiescent neural stem cell dysfunction. Enhancing lysosomal activity in aged stem cells promotes their activation, restoring neurogenesis.

Keywords:
Neural stem cellaginglysosomeproteostasis

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Culturing Human Pluripotent and Neural Stem Cells in an Enclosed Cell Culture System for Basic and Preclinical Research
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Adult neurogenesis, crucial for cognitive functions, declines with age.
  • Reduced neural stem cell (NSC) activation is a key factor in age-related neurogenesis decline.
  • Molecular mechanisms of NSC quiescence and activation in aging brains are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of lysosomes in NSC activation and quiescence.
  • To determine if lysosomal dysfunction contributes to reduced neurogenesis in aging.
  • To explore therapeutic potential of enhancing lysosomal function in aged NSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis of quiescent and activated NSCs.
  • Functional assays to assess NSC activity and cell cycle re-entry.
  • In vivo studies examining lysosomal function and NSC behavior in aged models.

Main Results:

  • Quiescent and activated NSCs utilize distinct proteostasis pathways.
  • Quiescent NSCs are critically dependent on the lysosome-autophagy system.
  • Lysosomal dysfunction impairs NSC activation in aged brains.
  • Stimulating lysosomal activity in aged NSCs enhanced their activation and proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomal dysfunction is a novel cause of reduced adult neurogenesis during aging.
  • Enhancing lysosomal function can restore NSC activity in the aged brain.
  • Targeting lysosomal pathways offers a potential strategy to combat age-related cognitive decline.