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Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

409
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
409
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

431
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
431
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

601
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

596
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
596
Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

509
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
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Systemic Treatment for Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Mara Giavina-Bianchi1, Pedro Giavina-Bianchi2

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Artur Ramos 178 ap.211A, Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01454-904, Brazil.

Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition affecting 15% of children and 5% of adults. For moderate-to-severe cases unresponsive to topical treatments, systemic therapies like biologics offer new hope.

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisBiologic agentsImmunosuppressive agentsReviewSystemic treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease.
  • Characterized by intense pruritus, lesions, and significant impact on quality of life.
  • Prevalence is higher in children (15%) than adults (5%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment strategies for atopic dermatitis.
  • To highlight the transition from topical to systemic therapies.
  • To introduce newer biologic treatments for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on atopic dermatitis management.
  • Assessment of topical treatment adherence and environmental factors.
  • Evaluation of systemic therapy options, including immunosuppressants and biologics.

Main Results:

  • Topical treatments (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, etc.) and phototherapy are first-line options.
  • Systemic immunosuppressants like cyclosporine A are used for moderate-to-severe AD.
  • Biologic drugs, such as dupilumab, represent a newer, promising treatment avenue.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic therapy should be considered when topical treatments fail.
  • Biologic agents offer improved disease control with potentially fewer side effects.
  • Newer drug classes provide hope for better management of atopic dermatitis.