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CNS Persistence of HIV-1 in Children: the Untapped Reservoir

Ann Chahroudi1, Thor A Wagner2, Deborah Persaud3

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|August 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The central nervous system (CNS) is a reservoir for HIV-1 in children infected perinatally. Targeting this reservoir is crucial for developing remission strategies and improving neurocognitive outcomes in youth.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Perinatal HIV-1 infection impacts brain development.
  • HIV-1 establishes a reservoir in the CNS, complicating treatment.
  • Neurocognitive impairment persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on HIV-1 and the CNS in perinatally infected children.
  • To understand HIV-1 persistence in the CNS for remission strategies.
  • To improve long-term neurocognitive outcomes in perinatally HIV-1-infected youth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV-1 and CNS in perinatal infection.
  • Analysis of findings on HIV-1 compartmentalization between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Examination of reported cases of CSF viral escape.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1-associated encephalopathy is common in perinatally infected children.
  • CNS viral compartmentalization suggests a reservoir, even in ART-naïve individuals.
  • CSF viral escape is observed, but requires further investigation with robust parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The CNS is a significant HIV-1 reservoir in perinatally infected children.
  • Targeting the CNS reservoir is essential for effective HIV-1 remission strategies.
  • Further research is needed to understand CNS HIV-1 persistence and improve neurocognitive outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
CNSCentral nervous systemHIV-1 in childrenHIV-1 persistencePerinatal infection

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