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Urbano Lorenzo-Seva1, Pere J Ferrando1

  • 1a Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel procedure for fitting exploratory bifactor solutions, ensuring orthogonality between general and group factors. This method enhances factor analysis by allowing flexible rotation criteria for group factor loadings.

Keywords:
Bifactor solutionsexploratory factor analysisorthogonal Procrustes rotationsorthogonal and oblique analytical rotationssemispecified target matrices

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Factor Analysis
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Traditional bifactor analysis often imposes strict orthogonality constraints.
  • Existing methods may lack flexibility in rotating group factors.
  • Accurate factor structure identification is crucial in psychological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new procedure for fitting pure exploratory bifactor solutions.
  • To allow orthogonal general factors and flexible rotation criteria for group factors.
  • To enhance the utility of bifactor analysis in psychological research.

Main Methods:

  • Combines orthogonal Procrustes rotations with analytical rotations in a four-step procedure.
  • Utilizes a semispecified target matrix, which can be user-defined, derived from Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization, or automatically generated.
  • Assesses the procedure's performance and advantages through simulation studies.

Main Results:

  • The proposed procedure successfully fits pure exploratory bifactor solutions with orthogonal general factors.
  • Demonstrates advantages over existing methods in simulation studies.
  • Shows practical feasibility through application to two empirical examples in personality research.

Conclusions:

  • The new procedure offers a flexible and robust approach to bifactor analysis.
  • It provides researchers with enhanced capabilities for exploring factor structures.
  • The method is particularly relevant for personality research and other psychological domains.