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Related Concept Videos

Voltage01:13

Voltage

4.3K
The movement of electrons in a conductor requires some form of energy or work, usually provided by an external force, like a battery. This force is called the electromotive force or voltage. The voltage between two points, referred to as points "a" and "b," in an electric circuit is the energy (or work) needed to move a unit charge from point "a" to point "b," and this relationship is expressed mathematically as
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Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

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Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In series, the positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another battery. Hence, the voltage of each battery is added to give the net voltage, which is increased because each battery boosts the electrons that enter it. The same current flows through each battery because they are connected in series.
Batteries are...
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Voltage Dividers01:14

Voltage Dividers

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In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the current...
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Three-Phase Voltages01:30

Three-Phase Voltages

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A three-phase generator produces three voltages that are equal in magnitude but have a phase difference of 120 degrees. This identical magnitude and equal phase separated voltages are known as the balanced voltages and help to minimize power loss while ensuring a steady delivery of energy to connected loads. As voltage sources in a three-phase system can be configured in a wye or a delta formation, the loads connected to these systems can also be arranged in either configuration. This...
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Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

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How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
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Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources01:11

Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

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Nodal analysis is a remarkably effective method used in electrical engineering to simplify the analysis of complex circuits, including those with dependent or independent voltage sources. Its strength lies in its systematic approach to breaking down circuits into manageable components, making it easier for engineers to understand and solve.
Consider a circuit that contains four resistors and two voltage sources, as shown in Figure 1. One of these voltage sources is connected between a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Closed-Type Wireless Nanopore Electrode for Analyzing Single Nanoparticles
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A Closed-Type Wireless Nanopore Electrode for Analyzing Single Nanoparticles

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Optimal voltage for nanoparticle detection with thin nanopores.

Yinghua Qiu1

  • 1Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, MA, USA. y.qiu@neu.edu.

The Analyst
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Surface charges impact nanoparticle detection using the resistive-pulse technique. Simulations reveal an optimal voltage exists where detection is independent of particle surface charge, simplifying nanopore sensing.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The resistive-pulse technique is a label-free method for nanoparticle detection.
  • Thin nanopores, like silicon nitride, enhance sensitivity in resistive-pulse sensing.
  • Particle surface charge is a critical factor in nanopore sensing accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of particle surface charges on current blockade in nanopore simulations.
  • To identify an optimal applied voltage for robust nanoparticle detection.
  • To understand the relationship between surface charge, applied voltage, and current blockade.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of nanoparticle detection in short nanopores.
  • Analysis of current blockade ratios under varying electric fields and surface charge densities.

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  • Systematic study to determine the influence of electrolyte type on optimal detection voltage.

    • Main Results:

    • Particle surface charges significantly affect current blockade, especially at high electric fields.
    • For surface charge densities above -0.02 C m⁻², current blockade ratios are voltage-dependent.
    • An optimal voltage was identified where current blockade ratio is independent of particle surface charge density.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified optimal voltage balances ion flow changes, making detection independent of surface charge.
    • This optimal voltage is a system property dependent on electrolyte type, not particle charge.
    • Findings aid in achieving accurate nanoparticle detection in experimental resistive-pulse setups.