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Related Concept Videos

Partial Fractions01:28

Partial Fractions

224
A partial fraction is a component of a rational expression represented as the sum of simpler fractions. When a rational function is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials, it can often be decomposed into a sum of fractions whose denominators are simpler polynomials, typically linear or irreducible quadratic factors. This process is called partial fraction decomposition, and it is used to simplify complex expressions for integration, solving equations, or analysis.Partial fraction decomposition...
224
Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions03:03

Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions

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Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure01:11

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

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The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available is called the gas's partial pressure. If two or more gases are mixed together in a container, the molecules move randomly and collide with each other, causing them to reach thermal equilibrium. When the gases have the same temperature, their molecules have the same average kinetic energy. Thus, each gas obeys the...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

179
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
179
Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions01:29

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions

92
Rational functions are expressions written as the ratio of two polynomials, and their integrals are evaluated by simplifying the integrand into manageable parts. These functions are classified as proper or improper based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator.A rational function is proper when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case, partial fraction decomposition is used to rewrite the function as a sum of simpler rational terms. The...
92
Inverse z-Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion01:20

Inverse z-Transform by Partial Fraction Expansion

714
The inverse z-transform is a crucial technique for converting a function from its z-domain representation back to the time domain. One effective method for finding the inverse z-transform is the Partial Fraction Method, which involves decomposing a function into simpler fractions with distinct coefficients. These fractions correspond to known z-transform pairs, facilitating the inverse transformation process.
To begin the process, the poles of the function are identified and the function is...
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Robot-assisted Partial Splenectomy
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Intraoperative mannitol during robotic-assisted-laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Kellen Choi1, Sharon Hill2, Nathan Hale2

  • 1Urology (Adult Office) at UofL Physicians Outpatient Center, University of Louisville, 401 E. Chestnut St., Suite 480, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.

Journal of Robotic Surgery
|September 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intraoperative mannitol offers no significant benefit for kidney function after robotic partial nephrectomy. This study recommends discontinuing its routine use in these procedures to optimize patient care.

Keywords:
MannitolPartial nephrectomyProspectiveRenal cell carcinomaRenal mass

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Mannitol is traditionally used for renoprotection during partial nephrectomies.
  • Minimally invasive techniques, like robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN), may alter the necessity of mannitol.
  • Reduced warm ischemia time in RALPN might diminish mannitol's protective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative mannitol in preserving renal function after RALPN.
  • To determine if mannitol provides a statistically significant benefit for post-operative renal function outcomes in RALPN.
  • To challenge the routine use of mannitol in robotic partial nephrectomy procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study was conducted.
  • Patients undergoing RALPN were randomized to receive either mannitol or normal saline.
  • Renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preoperatively and at 24 hours, 1 week, and 30 days postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in preoperative eGFR were observed between the mannitol and saline groups.
  • The median percent change in eGFR after surgery showed no statistical difference between the groups.
  • Intraoperative mannitol infusion did not significantly improve or maintain renal function post-RALPN.

Conclusions:

  • Routine intraoperative mannitol administration does not provide significant renal function benefits following robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
  • The findings suggest that mannitol can be discontinued in RALPN procedures.
  • This study provides evidence to guide practice changes in perioperative care for RALPN.