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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation
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Turning mesoderm into kidney.

Alan J Davidson1, Paula Lewis1, Aneta Przepiorski1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 921019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|September 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details intermediate mesoderm formation and its role in generating renal progenitors for mammalian kidney development. It explores signaling cues and transcription factors guiding kidney formation from gastrulation onwards.

Keywords:
EmbryoEmbryonic developmentGastrulationIntermediate mesodermKidneyMesodermMetanephrosNephron progenitor

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • The intermediate mesoderm is crucial for kidney development, situated between somites and lateral plate mesoderm.
  • It generates renal progenitors essential for forming the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros in mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the formation of intermediate mesoderm during gastrulation and axis elongation.
  • To examine the progressive generation of distinct renal progenitors along the rostro-caudal axis.
  • To highlight signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in early kidney development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on murine kidney development.
  • Analysis of developmental processes during gastrulation and axis elongation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on signaling cues and transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Intermediate mesoderm forms during gastrulation/axis elongation.
  • Distinct renal progenitors arise progressively along the rostro-caudal axis.
  • Key signaling cues and transcription factor circuits are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding intermediate mesoderm development is key to understanding kidney formation.
  • Signaling and transcription factors orchestrate the generation of renal progenitors.
  • This review provides insights into early metanephric kidney development.