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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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His Bundle Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization.

Gaurav A Upadhyay1, Roderick Tung1

  • 1The University of Chicago Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|September 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

His bundle pacing offers a new approach to cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure patients with conduction delays. This method aims for more physiologic results, potentially improving outcomes where traditional therapies fall short.

Keywords:
Biventricular pacingCardiac resynchronization therapyHis bundle pacingLeft bundle branch block

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Heart Failure Management

Background:

  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using left ventricular pacing is standard for heart failure with intraventricular conduction delay, especially left bundle branch block.
  • Significant nonresponse rates (up to 40%) persist with current CRT methods, highlighting the need for improved strategies.
  • Physiologic pacing aims to restore normal electrical activation sequences, potentially overcoming limitations of current CRT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the emerging role of His bundle pacing (HBP) for cardiac resynchronization in patients with conduction system delay.
  • To evaluate the potential mechanisms by which HBP achieves physiologic resynchronization.
  • To identify future research directions for HBP in improving CRT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early clinical data on His bundle pacing for cardiac resynchronization.
  • Analysis of the electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying His bundle pacing's effect on QRS duration and ventricular activation.
  • Identification of patient subgroups and clinical scenarios where HBP may offer advantages.

Main Results:

  • His bundle pacing directly captures the His-Purkinje system, potentially correcting intraventricular conduction delays and achieving narrow QRS complexes.
  • Early studies suggest HBP can provide effective cardiac resynchronization, mimicking native conduction patterns.
  • The technique offers a more physiologic alternative to conventional biventricular pacing in select patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • His bundle pacing represents a promising advancement in cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with heart failure and conduction system disease.
  • Its ability to achieve direct His-Purkinje capture offers a potentially more effective and physiologic approach compared to current CRT.
  • Further investigation is warranted to define optimal patient selection, long-term efficacy, and comparative effectiveness of HBP.