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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Consider an angioplasty system featuring a catheter equipped with a turbine, a critical tool for removing plaque deposits from coronary arteries. This intricate medical device operates using a circuit model reminiscent of a dual-node RLC circuit powered by a current-controlled voltage source.
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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Fluid Connective Tissues: Blood and Lymph01:20

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Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. The formed elements are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Blood and lymph connect all vital parts and carry nutrients, oxygen, and other essential molecules like antibodies.
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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
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Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

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[SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY AND AXILLARY DISSECTION].

Masato Takahashi

    Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi
    |September 3, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sentinel lymph node biopsy guides breast cancer treatment. Omitting axillary dissection is reasonable for micrometastasis, but macrometastasis requires careful consideration based on study criteria.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Breast Cancer Research

    Background:

    • The Halsted radical mastectomy, including axillary lymph node dissection, was the historical standard for breast cancer surgery.
    • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become a crucial diagnostic tool, allowing for less invasive staging.
    • Recent research explores omitting axillary dissection even with positive SLNB findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the appropriateness of omitting axillary dissection in breast cancer patients based on sentinel lymph node biopsy results.
    • To review the management of micrometastasis and macrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes.
    • To discuss the prevention and management of complications associated with axillary lymph node dissection.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical surgical standards for breast cancer.
    • Analysis of current evidence regarding sentinel lymph node biopsy outcomes.
    • Examination of criteria from landmark studies like Z0011 for patient selection.
    • Assessment of conservative management strategies for lymphedema.

    Main Results:

    • Omitting axillary dissection is appropriate when SLNB shows no cancer cells.
    • Micrometastasis in SLNB may allow for omission of axillary dissection.
    • Macrometastasis in SLNB necessitates careful evaluation against established study criteria (e.g., Z0011) before omitting axillary dissection.

    Conclusions:

    • SLNB results significantly influence the decision to perform axillary dissection.
    • Careful patient selection is vital when considering omission of axillary dissection for positive SLNB.
    • Effective management strategies exist for preventing and treating complications like lymphedema post-axillary surgery.