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EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
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Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development.

Joshua B Julian1,2, Frederik S Kamps3, Russell A Epstein1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Developmental Science
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows humans have two distinct spatial memory systems. Williams syndrome individuals, with hippocampal issues, struggle with boundary-based navigation but not landmark-based navigation, supporting this dissociation.

Keywords:
Williams-Beuren syndromeboundaryhippocampuslandmarknavigation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Rodent studies suggest two dissociable spatial memory systems: hippocampal (boundary-based) and striatal (landmark-based).
  • Williams syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder with known hippocampal abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal dissociability of human spatial memory systems.
  • To examine boundary- and landmark-based memory in typical development and Williams syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • A navigation task was administered to adults with Williams syndrome (WS) and typically developing children and adults.
  • Participants learned locations relative to environmental boundaries or landmark objects.

Main Results:

  • Boundary-based spatial memory was significantly impaired in WS individuals compared to typical controls.
  • Landmark-based spatial memory showed no significant differences across groups.
  • Landmark-based memory matured earlier than boundary-based memory in typical development.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide causal evidence for dissociable hippocampal and striatal spatial memory systems in humans.
  • The results support the hypothesis that Williams syndrome cognitive phenotype may stem from a developmental arrest in late-maturing cognitive systems.