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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.2K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

76.2K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Translation01:31

Translation

156.8K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.8K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

15.7K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
15.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

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RibORF: Identifying Genome-Wide Translated Open Reading Frames Using Ribosome Profiling.

Zhe Ji1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces RibORF, a computational tool for analyzing ribosome profiling data. It identifies translated open reading frames (ORFs) in RNA, revealing translation in previously noncoding regions.

Keywords:
noncoding RNAopen reading frameribosome profilingtranslation

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Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling
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Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ribosome profiling offers high-resolution, unbiased examination of genome-wide translation.
  • Understanding translation in noncoding regions is crucial for comprehending gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational pipeline (RibORF) for systematic identification of translated open reading frames (ORFs).
  • To analyze translation events in putative noncoding RNA regions using ribosome profiling data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the RibORF computational pipeline.
  • Utilizing ribosome profiling data with a focus on 3-nt periodicity and codon uniformness.
  • Systematic identification of translated ORFs.

Main Results:

  • Pervasive translation was identified in regions previously considered noncoding, including lncRNAs, pseudogenes, and 5'UTRs.
  • RibORF effectively identifies translated ORFs based on ribosome occupancy patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The RibORF pipeline enables systematic discovery of translated ORFs.
  • Non-canonical translation in noncoding regions is widespread and warrants further investigation into its functional roles.