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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform
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Chiral Purity of Crystals Using Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy.

Irena Nemtsov1, Yitzhak Mastai1, Yaakov R Tischler1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy offers a sensitive new method for analyzing chiral purity in pharmaceutical crystals. This technique can detect as little as 1% of an enantiomer, aiding drug safety and development.

Keywords:
ChiralityX-ray diffractionenantiomerslow-frequency Raman spectroscopyracemates

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Chiral identification of solid pharmaceuticals is crucial for regulatory compliance and safety due to differing biological activities of enantiomers.
  • Existing methods for analyzing chiral purity in crystals have limitations in sensitivity or applicability.
  • Development of novel, sensitive techniques for solid-state chiral analysis is a priority for the pharmaceutical industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate low-frequency Raman spectroscopy as a novel method for determining the chiral purity of solid crystals.
  • To assess the sensitivity and applicability of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for detecting enantiomeric excess in crystalline mixtures.
  • To compare the performance of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy with established chiral analysis techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Application of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy to analyze model systems of chiral crystals.
  • Preparation of enantiopure, racemic, and mixed-ratio crystalline samples.
  • Comparison of spectral data with circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction measurements.

Main Results:

  • Low-frequency Raman spectra clearly distinguished between racemic and enantiopure crystals, correlating with differences in hydrogen bond networks.
  • The method demonstrated high sensitivity, capable of detecting as little as 1% w/w of an enantiomer in racemic crystals.
  • Sensitivity of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for enantiomeric excess in crystals was comparable to chiral optical methods used for solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy is a simple, fast, and highly sensitive method for analyzing chiral purity in crystalline solids.
  • This technique provides a valuable new tool for the pharmaceutical industry to ensure drug safety and quality.
  • The method's sensitivity and ease of use make it a promising alternative to existing chiral analysis techniques for solid-state applications.