Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 9, 2026
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
Published on: June 7, 2018
Healing Ruptured 2D Crystals via Non-equilibrium Composition States
Alexander V Butenko1,2, Daniel Mayzlin1,2, Yitzhak Mastai1,3
1Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
None:
Crystalline mixed oil-surfactant monolayers temperature-controllably form at surfactant-decorated oil-water interfaces and, for many surfactant-oil combinations, govern emulsion-droplet division, shape evolution, and related phenomena. While the equilibrium behavior of these ≈2 nm thick interfacial crystals (ICs) has been extensively investigated, their response to perturbations, relevant to real-world applications, remains largely unexplored. We probe how ICs respond to rapid expansion and uncover unconventional non-equilibrium molecular composition states, impacting emulsion stability and interfacial permeability.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
01:25Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
02:18X-ray Crystallography
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
02:46Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
02:58Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
02:37Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....