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Polyglutamine Repeats in Viruses.

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  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. chschein@utmb.edu.

Molecular Neurobiology
|September 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats are rare in RNA viruses, potentially harming replication. However, they are found in DNA viruses, influencing transmissibility and latency, warranting further study in neurovirulent and tumorigenic viruses.

Keywords:
A-type inclusion proteinBeclin-1 control of autophagyCowpox virusDeoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotide hydrolase (DUT)Glutamine repeat diseasesHerpes virus latencyKaposi’s sarcomaNeurotropic virusesProtein inclusions containing virusRNA virusesVirus transmissibility

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are implicated in human neurological disorders when mutated.
  • Functional roles of polyQ regions in human proteins include transcription regulation and autophagy.
  • PolyQ repeats are common in eukaryotic genomes, but their role in viruses is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and functional significance of polyglutamine (polyQ) sequences in viral proteins.
  • To survey the prevalence of polyQ repeats across different virus types (RNA and DNA).
  • To highlight potential roles of viral polyQ in virus-host interactions and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and survey of viral genomes for polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat sequences.
  • Analysis of conserved and variable polyQ tracts in viral proteins.
  • Literature review of known functions and implications of polyQ in viral systems.

Main Results:

  • Polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats are infrequent in RNA viruses, suggesting potential negative impacts on replication.
  • Sporadic polyQ segments are noted in specific RNA viruses like potyviruses and reptilian nidoviruses.
  • Conserved and variable polyQ tracts are present in regulatory and structural proteins of DNA viruses, linked to transmissibility and latency.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of polyglutamine (polyQ) in viral proteins is variable and context-dependent.
  • Further research using advanced sequencing is needed to fully elucidate the role and genetic basis of viral polyQ.
  • Investigating polyQ in neurovirulent and oncogenic viruses is crucial due to known toxic effects of polyQ expansions.