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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
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Effects of Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin on the NMRI Mouse Metabolism

Zhigang Liu1, Bing Xia1, Jasmina Saric2,3

  • 1Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.

Journal of Proteome Research
|September 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotics like vancomycin and ciprofloxacin alter gut microbial diversity and host metabolism. These metabolic changes in biofluids are temporary, returning to normal within 20 days post-treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolomics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Reduced gut microbiota diversity is linked to various human diseases, including metabolic syndrome and mental illness.
  • Antibiotic overuse can diminish gut-microbial diversity, potentially causing adverse health effects.
  • Understanding antibiotic effects at a biochemical level is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic effects of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin on mouse biofluids and brain tissue.
  • To utilize 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for metabolic profiling.

Main Methods:

  • NMRI female mice were treated with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin.
  • Metabolic profiling of urine, feces, plasma, and brain tissue was performed using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
  • Samples were analyzed at different time points post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Both antibiotics altered metabolic signatures in urine and feces; ciprofloxacin also affected plasma.
  • Metabolic perturbations peaked at day 1 and normalized by day 20 post-treatment.
  • Changes observed in choline metabolism, host-microbial cometabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and protein/purine degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic treatment causes temporary metabolic disruptions in biofluids.
  • Brain tissue metabolism remained unaffected by day 20.
  • Metabolic profiles of biofluids recovered to baseline levels by day 20 post-antibiotic treatment.
Keywords:
1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopyantibioticsciprofloxacinmetabolic profilingmultivariate statistical analysisvancomycin

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