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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Drug nanocrystallisation within liposomes.

Tang Li1, David Cipolla2, Thomas Rades3

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|September 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precipitation of drugs within liposomes can form nanocrystals, altering liposome structure and drug release. This review explores liposomal drug nanocrystals for enhanced drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
LiposomesNanocrystalPolymorphPrecipitationSolid state

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liposomes, phospholipid vesicles, are established drug delivery systems.
  • The physical state of encapsulated drugs (liquid, solid, crystalline) impacts liposome function.
  • This state is often overlooked in liposome research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenomenon of drug precipitation and nanocrystal formation within liposomes.
  • To discuss the implications for liposome morphology and drug release.
  • To evaluate the potential of liposomal drug nanocrystals as drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on drug precipitation within liposomes.
  • Analysis of studies detailing the preparation and characterization of liposomal drug nanocrystals.
  • Examination of in vitro drug release data from these systems.

Main Results:

  • Drug precipitation can lead to the formation of confined nanocrystals within liposomes.
  • These nanocrystals alter liposome morphology and drug release profiles.
  • Specific drug types prone to nanocrystal formation are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Drug nanocrystal formation within liposomes is a critical factor influencing delivery.
  • Understanding this phenomenon is key to optimizing liposomal drug delivery systems.
  • Liposomal drug nanocrystals offer promising potential for future pharmaceutical applications.