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Atomic Structure01:33

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The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one...
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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Synthetic three-dimensional atomic structures assembled atom by atom.

Daniel Barredo1, Vincent Lienhard2, Sylvain de Léséleuc2

  • 1Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France. daniel.barredo@gmail.com.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have created defect-free, 3D atom arrays with up to 72 individually controlled atoms. This breakthrough enables scalable quantum simulation and computing by arranging qubits in arbitrary geometries.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Science and Technology
  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Quantum Computing and Simulation

Background:

  • Realizing large numbers of individually controlled quantum bits (qubits) is crucial for quantum computing and simulation.
  • Atomic systems offer scalable, identical qubits with good environmental decoupling, but accessing the third dimension with single-atom control is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for assembling arbitrarily shaped, three-dimensional (3D) arrays of individually controlled atoms.
  • To demonstrate the scalability of this approach for future quantum technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized holographic methods and programmable optical tweezers to arrange single atoms.
  • Assembled defect-free 3D arrays atom-by-atom and plane-by-plane from initially disordered states.
  • Demonstrated control over arrays containing up to 72 single atoms.

Main Results:

  • Successfully assembled defect-free, arbitrarily shaped 3D arrays of single atoms.
  • Achieved precise arrangement of up to 72 atoms in target structures.
  • Showcased the potential for quantum simulation with tens of qubits arranged in 3D space.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique allows for the creation of large, scalable 3D qubit arrays.
  • This advancement brings the realization of systems with hundreds of individually controlled qubits within reach.
  • Paves the way for advanced quantum simulations and computing applications.