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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
Published on: May 9, 2022
Treatment of Advanced Periodontal Disease: Keys to Achieving Restoration Longevity
Yoshihiro Ono1, Kimio Nakamura2, Sachiko Maeda3
1Director, Japan Institute for Advanced Dental Studies (JIADS); Private Practice, periodontist, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan.
Abstract:
Dental treatment for periodontally compromised patients can be highly complicated and challenging. This article addresses the effectiveness of contemporary periodontal treatment modalities by depicting clinical cases of periodontal restoration and health that have been maintained for 20 or more years. The cases incorporate four key steps vital to achieving successful treatment of chronic adult periodontitis: debridement, occlusal stabilization, pocket elimination, and maintenance. These cases demonstrate proof of principle that if the treatment is carefully planned and executed precisely, the natural dentition can be maintained for long periods of time even in periodontally compromised patients.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

