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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Cyclodextrin complexes: Perspective from drug delivery and formulation.

Shery Jacob1, Anroop B Nair2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

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|September 7, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are versatile oligosaccharides enhancing drug properties like solubility and stability. Their complexation abilities enable advanced drug delivery systems, including nanocarriers and targeted therapies.

Keywords:
bioavailabilitycomplexation efficiencydissolutionnanoparticlesocularsolubilitystability

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are extensively studied pharmaceutical excipients.
  • CDs are versatile oligosaccharides with multifunctional characteristics.
  • They are primarily used to enhance drug physicochemical stability, solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and applications of cyclodextrins in drug delivery.
  • To elaborate on CD derivatives, complexation, and their impact on drug physicochemical properties.
  • To highlight recent advancements in CD-based drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of stability constants and factors affecting complexation.
  • Review of techniques to enhance complexation efficiency.
  • Elaboration on preparation methods for molecular inclusion complexes and drug release.

Main Results:

  • CDs significantly improve aqueous solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, and stability of drugs.
  • CD complexation aids in taste masking.
  • CDs demonstrate potential as nanocarriers and in forming stable nanoaggregates.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclodextrins offer broad applicability in various drug delivery systems (ocular, transdermal, nasal, targeted).
  • CDs can modify drug properties, improving physicochemical characteristics.
  • The self-assembly of CDs into nanoaggregates expands their scope in novel drug entity delivery.