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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Biophysical Assays for Characterizing PROTACS Ternary Complexes
Published on: January 12, 2024
Binary and ternary complexes of norfloxacin to improve the solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient
Micaela Ponce-Ponte1, Carolina Aloisio1, Diana Marcela Romero-Guerra2
1Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET & Departamento de CienciasFarmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000-Córdoba, Argentina.
Aim:
Binary and ternary complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), using glutamic acid (GA), proline or lysine as the third component, were developed to increase the solubility and the dissolution rate of norfloxacin (NOR).
Methods/Results:
Complexation was evaluated by phase solubility studies, obtaining the highest NOR solubility with GA and HPβCD. Thermal analysis suggested that different kinds of interactions occur among NOR, HPβCD and each amino acid, and when the systems were prepared by kneading or by means of freeze-drying technique. Dissolution studies, performed on simulated gastric fluid and subsequent simulated intestinal fluid, showed the highest rate of NOR from NOR-HPβCD-GA.
Conclusion:
NOR:HPβCD:GA was the best approach for improving the bioavailability of NOR.
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